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Table 4 Baseline risk factors according to occurrence of incident delirium

From: Melatonin to prevent delirium in patients with advanced cancer: a double blind, parallel, randomized, controlled, feasibility trial

Characteristic

Study Group

All patients

P value

No Delirium

n = 39 (%)

Delirium

n = 21 (%)

Total

n = 60 (%)

Age, yrsa

67 (60–75)

68 (61–75)

67 (60–75)

0.687

Sex: female

20 (51.3)

7 (33.3)

27 (45.0)

0.183

Primary cancer

 Lung

13 (33.3)

7 (33.3)

20 (33.3)

0.544

 Gastrointestinal

9 (23.1)

7 (33.3)

16 (26.7)

 Genitourinary

6 (15.4)

2 (9.5)

8 (13.3)

 Breast

5 (12.8)

1 (4.8)

6 (10.0)

 Primary Brain

1 (2.6)

1 (4.8)

2 (3.3)

 Hematologic

0 (0)

2 (9.5)

2 (3.3)

 Head & Neck

1 (2.6)

0 (0)

1 (1.7)

 

 Other

4 (10.3)

1 (4.8)

5 (8.3)

 

Metastatic sites of cancer

 Lungs

14 (35.9)

6 (28.6)

20 (33.3)

0.566

 Liver

17 (43.6)

9 (42.9)

26 (43.3)

0.956

 Brain

11 (28.2)

9 (42.9)

20 (33.3)

0.251

 Leptomeninges

3 (7.7)

3 (14.3)

6 (10.0)

0.078

 Bone

21 (53.9)

10 (47.6)

31 (51.7)

0.645

Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI)a

10 (9–12)

10 (9–13)

10 (9–12)

0.919

Palliative Performance Scorea

40 (30–50)

40 (30–40)

40 (30–50)

0.036

Baseline Goals of Care

 Comfort only

7 (17.9)

6 (28.6)

13 (21.7)

0.301

 Medical

23 (59.0)

14 (66.7)

37 (61.7)

 Medical & Transfer to Acute Care

8 (20.5)

1 (4.8)

9 (15.0)

 Full Resuscitation

1 (2.6)

0 (0)

1 (1.7)

Highest educational level achieved

 Elementary

1 (2.6)

1 (4.76)

2 (3.3)

0.959

 Junior High School

2 (5.13)

1 (4.76)

3 (5.00)

 High School

6 (15.4)

3 (14.3)

9 (15)

 University / 3rd level

12 (30.8)

8 (38.1)

20 (33.3)

 Unknown

18 (46.5)

8 (38.1)

26 (43.3)

Cognitive and psychiatric status at admission

 Short Orientation Memory Concentration Test Score (SOMCT)a

2 (0–4)

6 (2–10)

2 (0–6)

0.013

 Recent neurocognitive symptoms (per admission history and assessments)b

  Perceptual disturbance

3 (7.7)

3 (14.3)

6 (10.0)

0.417

  Delusional disturbance

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

 

  Attention problemsc

4 (10.3)

8 (38.1)

12 (20.0)

0.003

  Sleep pattern disturbedc

7 (18.0)

3 (14.3)

10 (16.7)

0.443

 Insomnia severity index (ISI) scorea

10 (3–14)

5.5 (1–12.5)

9 (3–13)

0.336

 Previous delirium episode

  Documented occurrence

7 (18.0)

6 (28.6)

13 (21.7)

0.562

  Unknown

7 (18.0)

4 (19.1)

11 (18.3)

 Dementia diagnosisc

3 (7.7)

1 (4.8)

4 (6.7)

0.536

 Cognitive deficits without dementia

  Documented

2 (5.1)

3 (14.3)

5 (8.3)

0.601

  Unknown

2 (5.1)

1 (4.8)

3 (5.0)

 Mood disorder diagnosisc

7 (18.0)

1 (4.8)

8 (13.3)

0.268

 Anxiety disorder diagnosisc

3 (7.7)

3 (14.3)

6 (10.0)

0.546

Metabolic abnormalities at admission

 Hypoalbuminemia

23 (59.0)

16 (76.2)

39 (65.0)

0.258

 Hyponatremia

4 (10.3)

4 (19.1)

8 (13.3)

0.433

 Hypercalcemia

2 (5.1)

1 (4.8)

3 (5.0)

1.000

 Low Hemoglobin (<  100 g/L)

9 (23.1)

8 (38.1)

17 (28.3)

0.243

 Hypoxia requiring Oxygen therapy

7 (18.0)

5 (23.8)

12 (20.0)

0.737

Medications at admission

 Number of medications prescribeda

12 (10–16)

10.5 (8–14)

12 (8–15)

0.187

 Psychoactive medicationsa

2 (1–4)

2 (1–4)

2 (1–4)

0.641

 Morphine equivalent daily dose (MEDD)a

30 (5–150)

60 (2.5–90)

54 (4.5–132)

0.944

 Diazepam equivalent daily dosea

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0.487

 Prednisone equivalent daily dosea

12.25 (0–40)

13 (0–50)

12.5 (0–40)

0.868

  1. aContinuous variables as median (Q1-Q3) unless otherwise reported; missing data in groups (delirium, no delirium) for some continuous variables: SOMCT score (3, 2); ISI score (0, 1); total number of medications prescribed (2, 1); psychoactive medications (2, 2); diazepam equivalent (4, 6); prednisone equivalent (1, 1)
  2. bFeatures of subsyndromal delirium in the absence of a documented diagnosis of delirium
  3. cCategorical variables for which there was missing data in groups (no delirium, delirium): highest educational level achieved (18, 8); dementia diagnosis documented (0, 1); cognitive impairment without dementia (2, 1); mood disorder (2, 0); anxiety disorder (5, 1); attention problems (2, 4); sleep disturbed (0, 1); missing data were counted as values in statistical analyses