Table 3 33-item OSSAa) factor analysis results
Item content | Factor 1 | Factor 2 | Factor 3 | Factor 4 | Factor 5 | Factor 6 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Subscale 1: Managing opioids and coping with pain (Cronbach’s α = 0.88, ICC = 0.65) | ||||||
 No.10 I can take around-the-clock painkillers at a predetermined time. | 0.741 | −0.168 | 0.030 | 0.136 | 0.033 | −0.044 |
 No.15 I know whether or not as-needed painkillers are working. | 0.733 | −0.106 | 0.031 | − 0.026 | 0.055 | 0.105 |
 No.14 I can quickly take as-needed painkillers as soon as the pain gets worse. | 0.732 | 0.097 | 0.067 | −0.091 | − 0.053 | − 0.047 |
 No.16 When a single dose of as-needed painkillers does not work, I can wait for a certain time before taking the additional drug I have been told to take. | 0.711 | 0.114 | 0.115 | −0.108 | − 0.162 | − 0.078 |
 No.12 I can keep as-needed painkillers in an easily accessible place. | 0.678 | −0.016 | − 0.076 | 0.075 | 0.112 | −0.152 |
 No.13 For predictable pain, I can take as-needed painkillers preventively. | 0.651 | −0.046 | −0.024 | − 0.071 | 0.028 | 0.114 |
 No.8 I know about the side effects of painkillers. | 0.578 | 0.093 | − 0.051 | 0.014 | −0.042 | 0.094 |
 No.9 I can make arrangements to ensure that I do not forget to take painkillers (e.g., using a medicine box). | 0.516 | 0.033 | −0.061 | 0.084 | 0.151 | 0.009 |
 No.7 I know about the effects of painkillers. | 0.469 | 0.114 | 0.031 | −0.103 | 0.032 | 0.181 |
Subscale 2: Talking to health care professionals (Cronbach’s α = 0.93, ICC = 0.62) | ||||||
 No.21 I can talk to a medical professional about my anxieties and concerns about painkillers. | −0.030 | 0.987 | −0.066 | 0.004 | 0.032 | −0.005 |
 No.27 I can talk to a medical professional when the side effects of painkillers persist. | −0.167 | 0.956 | 0.012 | 0.001 | 0.064 | −0.025 |
 No.5 I can talk to a medical professional about my worries and concerns about pain. | −0.094 | 0.756 | 0.115 | −0.013 | 0.013 | 0.143 |
 No.11 I can talk to a medical professional when the effect of around-the-clock painkillers wears off quickly. | 0.259 | 0.619 | −0.047 | 0.032 | −0.089 | 0.076 |
 No.17 I can talk to a medical professional when the use of as-needed painkillers does not ease the pain. | 0.349 | 0.610 | −0.063 | 0.019 | −0.053 | − 0.029 |
 No.22 I can talk to a medical professional rather than stopping taking painkillers of my own accord. | 0.178 | 0.601 | 0.010 | 0.058 | 0.141 | −0.142 |
 No.28 I can talk to a medical professional about my worries and concerns about things other than pain and painkillers. | 0.158 | 0.498 | 0.266 | 0.057 | 0.005 | −0.057 |
Subscale 3: Talking to friends and family (Cronbach’s α = 0.92, ICC = 0.86) | ||||||
 No.30 I can talk with family and friends about my anxieties and concerns. | −0.049 | − 0.014 | 0.996 | 0.027 | 0.007 | 0.037 |
 No.29 I can talk with family and friends about how to deal with pain. | 0.018 | 0.037 | 0.921 | 0.000 | −0.071 | −0.014 |
 No.31 I communicate well with family and friends. | 0.096 | −0.152 | 0.831 | 0.092 | 0.069 | −0.041 |
 No.6 I can talk to my family and friends about the severity of pain. | −0.085 | 0.092 | 0.828 | −0.105 | 0.014 | 0.079 |
 No.32 I can ask family and friends to help when I am not feeling well. | 0.078 | 0.098 | 0.542 | 0.017 | −0.028 | − 0.052 |
Subscale 4: Recording pain and opioid use (Cronbach’s α = 0.89, ICC = 0.64) | ||||||
 No.18 I can record the date and time I used painkillers. | 0.143 | −0.293 | 0.079 | 0.886 | 0.029 | 0.022 |
 No.24 I can record the severity and presence/absence of side effects of painkillers (e.g., constipation, drowsiness, nausea, etc.). | −0.104 | 0.093 | 0.015 | 0.835 | 0.006 | −0.059 |
 No.20 I can talk to a medical professional based on my management records, such as the severity of pain and the times I took medication. | −0.005 | 0.203 | −0.058 | 0.825 | −0.101 | 0.017 |
 No.19 I can record the number of painkillers remaining. | −0.003 | 0.043 | −0.034 | 0.810 | −0.101 | −0.062 |
 No.4 I can record the severity of pain in a diary or memo using means such as numbers, a line, or a picture. | −0.141 | 0.098 | 0.030 | 0.548 | 0.151 | 0.225 |
Subscale 5: Living with the disease (Cronbach’s α = 0.86, ICC = 0.69) | ||||||
 No.36 I can spend my time feeling calm. | −0.042 | −0.015 | − 0.082 | 0.002 | 1.028 | 0.000 |
 No.35 I can cope with the disease in my own way. | 0.034 | 0.090 | −0.052 | −0.053 | 0.764 | 0.025 |
 No.37 I can spend my time in a restful environment. | 0.131 | −0.034 | 0.163 | 0.005 | 0.682 | −0.023 |
 No.34 I can carry out activities of daily living (e.g., housework or paid work) in accordance with my physical condition. | 0.021 | 0.118 | 0.089 | −0.046 | 0.473 | −0.046 |
Subscale 6: Understanding pain characteristics (Cronbach’s α = 0.78, ICC = 0.71) | ||||||
 No.2 I know the time intervals between continuous pain. | 0.022 | −0.033 | 0.041 | 0.012 | 0.009 | 0.899 |
 No.3 I know what causes pain to become worse. | −0.086 | 0.053 | 0.075 | −0.017 | 0.000 | 0.690 |
 No.1 I know the times when pain is likely to appear. | 0.263 | 0.011 | −0.159 | 0.057 | −0.053 | 0.588 |