Table 1 Descriptive Statistics for Demographic and Study Variables at Time 1 by Group

Demographic variables

Country:

0.351

Italy

64 (39%)

56 (51%)

Austria

30 (18%)

20 (18%)

Romania

23 (14%)

12 (11%)

Israel

22 (13%)

10 (9%)

Poland

26 (16%)

13 (12%)

Age:

20–56; 27.16 (7.05)

21–51; 26.91 (7.39)

0.779

Gender:

0.049*

Female

140 (85%)

102 (93%)

Male

25 (15%)

8 (7%)

Religion:

0.635

Christian

91 (55%)

60 (54%)

Jew

19 (12%)

9 (8%)

Moslem

0 (0%)

1 (1%)

Other

1 (1%)

1 (1%)

None

54 (33%)

40 (36%)

Religious level

1–4; 2.36 (0.92)

1–4; 2.95 (0.85)

< 0.001*

Formal caregiver to end-of-life clients:

0.141

No

154 (93%)

108 (97%)

Yes

11 (7%)

3 (3%)

Lost someone close to you in the last two years:

0.471

No

103 (62%)

74 (67%)

Yes

62 (38%)

37 (33%)

Year of master’s degree:

0.821

1st (or 4th in Poland survey)

90 (55%)

62 (56%)

2nd (or 5th in Poland survey)

60 (36%)

37 (33%)

3rd

15 (9%)

12 (11%)

Study variables

TDRS Total

7–30; 19.30 (5.88)

6–30; 18.80 (5.89)

0.488

DAPR Fear of Death

1–5; 3.06 (0.88)

1–5; 3.12 (0.87)

0.631

DAPR Death Avoidance

1–5; 2.31 (0.93)

1–5; 2.48 (0.96)

0.131

DAPR Neutral Acceptance

2–5; 4.02 (0.53)

2–5; 4.04 (0.57)

0.967

DAPR Approach Acceptance

1–5; 2.55 (0.97)

1–5; 2.54 (0.94)

0.905

DAPR Escape Acceptance

1–5; 2.72 (0.85)

1–5; 2.64 (0.82)

0.414

CCS Total

5–25; 13.19 (3.69)

5–25; 11.43 (3.37)

< 0.001*

CSE Total

5–25; 13.72 (4.59)

5–24; 12.45 (4.81)

0.028*

CS Kindness

11–20; 16.93 (2.04)

8–20; 16.91 (2.05)

0.926

CS Indifference

4–15; 7.33 (2.11)

4–14; 7.39 (2.18)

0.837

FATCOD Total

3–5; 3.91 (0.31)

3–5; 3.78 (0.35)

0.001*