Table 3 Overview of primary, secondary, and exploratory outcome measures
Outcome measure | Description |
|---|---|
Primary outcome | |
Advance care planning | Defined as a self-reported or documented Advance Directive, such as a living will (LW) or durable power of attorney (DPOA), or a documented discussion of care preferences between the patient and caregiver or healthcare team |
Secondary outcomes | |
Quality of life | Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy - Palliative Care (FACIT-Pal) [27] |
Quality of communication | Quality of Communication (QOC) Questionnaire [29] |
Hospice care utilization | Utilization of hospice care within 14Â days of death (Yes/No) |
Patient symptoms | Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS) [30] Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) [31] |
Exploratory outcomes | |
Patient physician communication | Princess Margaret Hospital Satisfaction with Doctor Questionnaire (PMH/PSQ-MD) [32, 33] |
Caregiver satisfaction | Family Satisfaction with Advanced Cancer Care (FAMCARE) [34] |
Palliative and hospice care utilization | Palliative care consulted (Yes/No), hospice care referral made (Yes/No), length of stay in hospice care (days), hospice care withdrawal (Yes/No) |
Resource utilization | Length of stay in hospital (days), length of stay in the Intensive Care Unit (days), visits to the Emergency Department (number of visits), readmission(s) (Yes/No), timing of readmissions (days since discharge), time spent with CHW (hours), cost (dollars) |
Social determinants of health | Protocol for Responding to & Assessing Patients' Assets, Risks, & Experiences (PRAPARE) [35] |