Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria for selection of articles on physicians’ perspectives
Includeda | Excluded | |
|---|---|---|
Types of study reported on | â—Ź Published empirical studies using quantitative, or mixed-methods designs â—Ź Publication language was English â—Ź Inclusion was not restricted to a particular time period | â—Ź Published dissertations, books, book chapters, theoretical articles, guidelines, reviews, case reports, opinion articles, or conference abstracts â—Ź Non-English language publications |
Participants in the study | ● Publications sampled the perspectives of practicing physicians alone, or ● Publications sampled the perspectives of practicing physicians in combination with nonphysician clinicians, children, adolescents, or parents, only if physicians’ data could be separately extracted | ● Publications only sampled the perspectives of nonphysician clinicians (e.g., nurses, midwives, trainees, students, children, adolescents, or parents) ● Publications sampled the perspectives of practicing physicians in combination with nonphysician clinicians, children, adolescents or parents, but physicians’ data could not be separately extracted |
Outcome measures in study reported on | ● Measure of physicians’ perspectives, perceptions, attitudes, experiences, preferences, values, feelings, opinions toward the decision-making process about withdrawing/withholding life-sustaining treatments in pediatrics (children & adolescents: 1–18 years old) ● Measures of withdrawing/withholding life-sustaining treatment process in pediatrics and measures focusing on the different steps of withdrawing/withholding life-sustaining treatments in pediatrics separately | ● Measures of only palliative care or end-of-life in pediatrics ● Measures of only the complementary alternative medicine or euthanasia in pediatrics ● Measures of only withdrawing/withholding life-sustaining treatments in neonates (0–1 year old) |