Table 5 Statistical correlations between physicians’ attitudes in general and physician-related factors, case-related factors and parent-related factors^a

Randolph et al. (1999) [39]

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Withdraw LST: p < 0.001

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—

Influence of the patient wishes and neurologic status: p < 0.05

Withhold/withdraw LST: p = 0.0097

—

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Diagnosis: p = .0157; Surviving likelihood:

p = 0.0001

—

Influence of parents’wishes: p = 0.0001

Keenan et al. (2000) [16]

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—

—

—

—

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Influence of physicians’ professional titles: NS

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Withhold/withdraw LST: p = 0.02

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—

Burns et al. (2001) [41]

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—

—

Influence of religious beliefs and political philosophy: NS

—

Refuse to withdraw LST: OR = 0.38,

95% CI 0.22–0.67

—

Teaching status: NS

—

—

—

Influence of ICU size: NS

—

Needle et al. (2012) [49]

Continue LST: p = 0.02;

Offer trial of extubation:

p ≤ 0.05

Recommend Tracheostomy:

p ≤ 0.05

—

Influence of religious beliefs: NS

Offer reintubation if failed extubation: p ≤ 0.05

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—

—

—

—

—

Sanchez Varela et al. (2015) [51]

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—

—

—

—

—

—

—

Forgo

curative treatment too soon

p = 0.0006;

Withdraw nutrition

p < 0.0001; Children being harmed by the use of aggressive or burdensome treatment: NS

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—

Grosek et al. (2016) [52]

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Consider religious or cultural beliefs in EOL care decisions: NS

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—

—

—

—

—

—

Wosinski et al. (2019) [55]

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—

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Perform CPR upon initial presentation: p = 0.04

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Withdraw LST in 24 h: p = 0.02

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