Table 2 Mean values and changes between 2019 and 2022
Category | Interpretation of high mean values | 2019 | 2022 | Effects | t-test1 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | M [95%-CI] | SD | n | M [95%-CI] | SD | MD | d2 | +/-3 | t-value | df | p-value | ||
Demands | |||||||||||||
Quantitative demands | negative | 54 | 58.2 [52.71; 63.69] | 20.6 | 57 | 52.3 [48.15; 56.45] | 16.0 | -5.9 | 0.321 | + | 1.68 | 99.98 | 0.096 |
Emotional demands | negative | 55 | 76.6 [71.76; 81.44] | 18.3 | 58 | 73.5 [68.87; 78.13] | 18.0 | -3.1 | 0.171 | 0.91 | 110.46 | 0.366 | |
Hiding emotions | negative | 55 | 48.0 [41.63; 54.37] | 24.1 | 58 | 45 [38.98; 51.02] | 23.4 | -3.0 | 0.126 | 0.67 | 110.24 | 0.504 | |
Work privacy conflicts4 | negative | 55 | 38.8 [30.92; 46.68] | 29.8 | 58 | 38.9 [32.77; 45.03] | 23.8 | 0.1 | 0.004 | 0.02 | 103.28 | 0.984 | |
Dissolution | negative | 55 | 37.5 [30.73; 44.27] | 25.6 | 58 | 42.9 [36.65; 49.15] | 24.3 | 5.4 | 0.217 | - | -1.15 | 109.78 | 0.253 |
Influence and possibilities for development | |||||||||||||
Influence at work | positive | 55 | 48.0 [42.11; 53.89] | 22.3 | 58 | 53.4 [47.74; 59.06] | 22.0 | 5.4 | 0.244 | + | -1.30 | 110.50 | 0.198 |
Degrees of freedom (breaks/holidays) | positive | 55 | 59.8 [53.35; 66.25] | 24.4 | 58 | 69.4 [64.92; 73.88] | 17.4 | 9.6 | 0.455 | + | -2.40 | 97.22 | 0.018 |
Possibilities for development | positive | 55 | 66.4 [61.17; 71.63] | 19.8 | 58 | 65.7 [60.78; 70.62] | 19.1 | -0.7 | 0.036 | 0.19 | 110.12 | 0.849 | |
Meaning of work | positive | 55 | 88.9 [83.06; 94.74] | 22.1 | 58 | 89.0 [85.32; 92.68] | 14.3 | 0.1 | 0.005 | 0.03 | 91.70 | 0.977 | |
Commitment to workplace | positive | 55 | 65.7 [58.06; 73.34] | 28.9 | 58 | 69.8 [64.22; 75.38] | 21.7 | 4.1 | 0.161 | 0.85 | 100.08 | 0.398 | |
Social relations and leadership | |||||||||||||
Predictability of work | positive | 55 | 55.5 [49.18; 61.82] | 23.9 | 58 | 59.5 [55.05; 63.95] | 17.3 | 4.0 | 0.193 | -1.02 | 98.06 | 0.313 | |
Role clarity | positive | 55 | 80.5 [76.85; 84.15] | 13.8 | 58 | 77.2 [73.98; 80.42] | 12.5 | -3.3 | 0.251 | - | 1.33 | 108.50 | 0.186 |
Role conflicts | negative | 55 | 38.8 [33.88; 43.72] | 18.6 | 58 | 44.3 [39.08; 49.52] | 20.3 | 5.5 | 0.282 | - | -1.50 | 110.87 | 0.136 |
Quality of leadership | positive | 55 | 61.7 [54.88; 68.52] | 25.8 | 58 | 62.6 [56.91; 68.29] | 22.1 | 0.9 | 0.038 | -0.20 | 106.46 | 0.843 | |
Support at work | positive | 55 | 72.7 [67.18; 78.22] | 20.9 | 58 | 75.2 [70.82; 79.58] | 17.0 | 2.5 | 0.132 | -0.70 | 104.17 | 0.488 | |
Feedback | positive | 55 | 57.3 [51.25; 63.35] | 22.9 | 58 | 56.2 [50.74; 61.66] | 21.2 | -1.1 | 0.050 | 0.27 | 109.14 | 0.792 | |
Quantity of social relations | positive | 55 | 61.4 [54.24; 68.56] | 27.1 | 58 | 56.9 [50.77; 63.03] | 23.8 | -4.5 | 0.177 | 0.94 | 107.43 | 0.351 | |
Sense of community | positive | 55 | 74.8 [70.41; 79.19] | 16.6 | 58 | 77.4 [73.51; 81.29] | 15.1 | 2.6 | 0.164 | 0.87 | 108.63 | 0.386 | |
Unfair treatment | negative | 55 | 24.5 [17.84; 31.16] | 25.2 | 58 | 21.1 [15.34; 26.86] | 22.4 | -3.4 | 0.143 | 0.76 | 107.87 | 0.451 | |
Trust and justice | positive | 55 | 65.2 [61.00; 69.40] | 15.9 | 58 | 67.3 [63.62; 70.98] | 14.3 | 2.1 | 0.139 | 0.74 | 108.27 | 0.463 | |
Recognition | positive | 55 | 56.8 [49.24; 64.36] | 28.6 | 58 | 61.6 [55.09; 68.11] | 25.3 | 4.8 | 0.178 | 0.94 | 107.70 | 0.348 | |
Additional factors | |||||||||||||
Work environment/physical demands | negative | 55 | 40.0 [34.24; 45.76] | 21.8 | 58 | 42.1 [36.49; 47.71] | 21.8 | 2.1 | 0.096 | 0.51 | 110.68 | 0.610 | |
Job insecurity | negative | 55 | 22.9 [17.85; 27.95] | 19.1 | 58 | 16.4 [10.92; 21.88] | 21.3 | -6.5 | 0.321 | + | 1.71 | 110.66 | 0.091 |
Insecurity over working conditions | negative | 55 | 29.1 [22.23; 35.97] | 26.0 | 58 | 22.3 [17.26; 27.34] | 19.6 | -6.8 | 0.296 | + | 1.56 | 110.29 | 0.121 |
Effects on job satisfaction and health | |||||||||||||
Intention to leave profession/job4 | negative | 55 | 14.5 [7.65; 21.35] | 25.9 | 58 | 14.4 [9.18; 19.62] | 20.3 | -0.1 | 0.004 | 0.02 | 102.33 | 0.982 | |
Job satisfaction | positive | 55 | 65.2 [60.52; 69.88] | 17.7 | 58 | 64.7 [60.92; 68.48] | 14.7 | -0.5 | 0.031 | 0.163 | 105.13 | 0.871 | |
Work engagement | positive | 55 | 73.8 [69.04; 78.56] | 18.0 | 57 | 70.2 [65.22; 75.18] | 19.2 | -3.6 | 0.193 | 1.024 | 109.91 | 0.308 | |
General health | positive | 55 | 68.4 [62.56; 74.24] | 22.1 | 57 | 71.9 [67.12; 76.68] | 18.4 | 3.5 | 0.172 | -0.91 | 105.07 | 0.365 | |
Burnout symptoms | negative | 55 | 52.3 [46.30; 58.30] | 22.7 | 58 | 49.0 [43.78; 54.22] | 20.3 | -3.3 | 0.153 | 0.81 | 108.08 | 0.418 | |
Presenteeism | negative | 55 | 52.7 [45.54; 59.86] | 27.1 | 58 | 40.9 [33.59; 48.21] | 28.4 | -11.8 | 0.425 | + | 2.26 | 111.00 | 0.026 |
Inability to relax | negative | 53 | 43.4 [35.35; 51.45] | 29.9 | 58 | 38.8 [31.85; 45.75] | 27.0 | -4.6 | 0.162 | 0.85 | 105.12 | 0.398 | |
Contact to residents and relatives | |||||||||||||
Conflicts with relatives | negative | 55 | 15.0 [9.82; 20.18] | 19.6 | 57 | 15.8 [12.01; 19.59] | 14.6 | 0.8 | 0.046 | -0.24 | 99.74 | 0.808 | |
Burnout symptoms related to relatives | negative | 55 | 26.0 [20.79; 31.21] | 19.7 | 58 | 32.0 [27.34; 36.66] | 18.1 | 6.0 | 0.318 | - | -1.683 | 108.93 | 0.095 |
Conflicts with residents | negative | 53 | 40.5 [34.20; 46.80] | 23.4 | 58 | 39.1 [32.38; 45.82] | 26.1 | -1.4 | 0.056 | 0.298 | 108.96 | 0.766 | |
Burnout symptoms related to residents | negative | 53 | 31.0 [26.26; 35.74] | 17.6 | 58 | 27.2 [22.03; 32.37] | 20.1 | -3.8 | 0.201 | + | 1.062 | 108.81 | 0.291 |