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Table 1 Characteristics of patients in the training cohort and validation cohort

From: Advancing screening tool for hospice needs and end-of-life decision-making process in the emergency department

 

Training cohort (n = 10,474)

Validation cohort a (n = 15,899)

Validation cohort b (n = 17,283)

Age

   

mean (SD)

69.2 (20.0)

71.3 (16.4)

70.7 (17.2)

Gender

   

Male

2,554 (50.4%)

8,245 (51.9%)

9,194 (53.2%)

Female

2,517 (49.6%)

7,654 (49.1%)

8,089 (46.8%)

DNR

   

Yes

950 (18.7%)

3,406 (21.4%)

3,650 (21.1%)

No

4,121 (81.3%)

12,493 (78.6%)

13,633 (78.9%)

Disease

   

Trauma

1,128 (10.8%)

3,441 (21.6%)

3,110 (18.0%)

Non-trauma

9,346 (89.2%)

12,458 (78.4%)

14,173 (82.0%)

Cancer

2,633 (25.1%)

3,145 (19.8%)

3,616 (20.9%)

Non-cancer

7,841 (74.9%)

12,754 (80.2%)

13,667 (79.1%)

SQ

  

1

Yes

8,148 (77.8%)

13,809 (86.8%)

3,158 (76.1%)

No

2,326 (22.2%)

2,090 (13.2%)

4,125 (23.9%)

qSOFA

   

< 2

4,705 (92.8%)

14,935 (93.9%)

16,631 (96.2%)

≥ 2

366 (7.2%)

964 (6.1%)

652 (3.8%)

PSS

   

≥ 2

1,609 (31.7%)

4,863 (30.6%)

5,846 (33.8%)

< 2

3,462 (68.3%)

11,036 (69.4%)

11,437 (66.2%)

Death

   

Yes

3,556 (34.0%)

6,748 (42.4%)

6,890 (39.9%)

No

6,918 (66.1%)

9,151 (57.6%)

10,393 (50.1%)

  1. Validation cohort a: Ren-Ai branch of Taipei City Hospital from 2018 to 2020
  2. Validation cohort b: Zhongxiao branch of Taipei City Hospital from 2017 to 2020
  3. DNR: Do-not-resuscitate, SD: standard deviation, SQ: Surprise Question when used by nurses
  4. qSOFA: Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; PSS: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status Score