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Table 5 Key points for improving services

From: Providing holistic end-of-life care for people with a history of problem substance use: a mixed methods cohort study of interdisciplinary service provision and integrated care

Problem identified

System change recommendation

Burden on client and family from multiple professional contacts

Link worker as a single point of contact to help navigate between services. Will provide advice, training, support and referral routes

Lack of early identification of palliative need and poor understanding of client reluctance and lifestyle

Community of Practice between services

Divergence of values and philosophies between services

Key performance indicators based on client needs, not service function

Extensive routes to palliative care

Clear pathways options, supported by link workers and community of practice

Limited community options for care and place of death preference not available

Hostel and housing provision to support those in palliative care; bespoke hostel/care accommodation

Fragmented services and poor inter-agency communication

longer-term service commissioning to establish lasting care pathways and networks. Integrated Care Systems to include voluntary sector organisations, with shared information and joint working